Overview of cardiomyopathies merck manuals professional edition. Any of the cardiac pathology causing myocardial dysfunction results in abnormal. It is one of the important causes of dilated cardiomyopathy worldwide. Etiology and panduan ramadhan pdf pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathies are divided into 3 main types based on the pathologic features see figure forms of cardiomyopathy. Sep 15, 2017 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy hcm is a genetic disorder that is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy unexplained by secondary causes, and a nondilated left ventricle with preserved or increased ejection fraction. The definition and classification of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy hcm have varied over the decades, primarily because the phenotypic expression of ventricular hypertrophy can result from a myriad of diseases, especially among children.
Rcm may be associated with symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure, such as peripheral oedema, raised jugular venous pressure and gallop rhythm, as well as features of an underlying systemic disease. If you break down the word cardiomyopathy you can remember that its a disease of the heart muscle because cardio stands for heart, myo muscle, and pathy disease. Table 2 summarizes a number of epidemiological studies that provide evidence for a link between obesity and heart failure outcomes. Patients with obstructive hcm have higher cardiac mortality. Pathophysiology and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. And its important to note this because these diseases can cause heart failure and it has a similar presentation to dilated cardiomyopathy. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is defined as an enlarged heart with hypertrophic myocardial walls 1,35 fig. Ischaemic cardiomyopathy icm consists of a spectrum of pathophysiological states including stunning, hibernation and scarring. The diagnosis is presumed on clinical presentation and noninvasive diagnostic methods such as cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. This book is composed of the main topics on pathophysiology. Cardiomyopathies due to left ventricular noncompaction, mitochondrial and storage diseases, and inborn errors of metabolism.
This site focused on cardiomyopathy in children and has information about the disease, caring for a child with cardiomyopathy, and tending to a child in the hospital. Heart failure happens when the heart muscle weakens so much that it cant move enough blood. These diseases have many causes, signs and symptoms, and treatments. In central and south america, chagas disease due to trypanosoma cruzi is the most common infectious cause.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Left ventricular heart failure is the dominant picture of heart failure syndrome, but the right heart can. While a number of drugs offer symptomatic relief, the. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is generally considered to have an excellent outcome with almost complete recovery seen in 96% of the patients. Cardiomyopathy kardeomiopahthee refers to diseases of the heart muscle. Pdf dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is a myocardial disease characterised by impaired left. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy characterised by myocardial hypertrophy,abnormal diastolic filling,intermittent ventricular outflow obstruction related to defects in force generation owing to altered sarcomeric function leading cause of lvh,unexplained by other clinicalpathologic cause caused by mutation of. Cardiomyopathy, any cardiac disease process that results in heart failure due to a decrease in the pumping power of the heart or due to an impairment in the filling of the cardiac chambers. For the purposes of this article, hcm is a primary cardiac disorder that results from known or suspected ge. Cardiomyopathy pathophysiology in 2006, the american heart association defined cardiomyopathies as. Jan 30, 20 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy characterised by myocardial hypertrophy,abnormal diastolic filling,intermittent ventricular outflow obstruction related to defects in force generation owing to altered sarcomeric function leading cause of lvh,unexplained by other clinicalpathologic cause caused by mutation of genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Although most cases are idiopathic, a number of conditions e. Although the condition is prevalent worldwide, women with black ancestry seem to be at greatest risk, and the condition has a particularly high incidence in nigeria and haiti.
Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death with overall mortality of approximately 245 per 100 000 individuals in 2008. Abstract cardiomyopathies are diseases characterised by structural. Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the muscle tissue of the heart. Pathophysiology 03 cardiomyopathies flashcards quizlet. Dilated cardiomyopathy has many known and probably many unidentified causes see table causes of dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy refers to diseases of the heart muscle. Although cardiomyopathy is diffuse pathology, there may be.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy hcm is defined by the presence of increased left ventricular lv wall thickness. Persons with cardiomyopathy frequently retain excess fluid. Hf and cardiomyopathy lvef free of ataf vs 34% in the amiodarone arm p free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy full text view. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathydysplasia dilated cardiomyopathy familial dilated cardiomyopathy congestive cardiomyopathy idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. It is distinct from structural cardiac disorders such as coronary artery disease, valvular disorders, and congenital heart disorders. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy echocardiogram screening and diagnosis cardinal sign is lv hypertrophy of septum and anterolateral free wall variability in hypertrophy dilated left atrium normal to nearnormal ef septum at least 1. In rare instances, diseased heart muscle tissue is replaced with scar tissue. Pdf an overview of dilated cardiomyopathy researchgate. Denise antle, arnp, msn, ccrn, ccns critical care arnpcns. Persons with cardiomyopathy frequently retain excess fluid, resulting in congestion of the lungs, and have. The ejection fraction is usually normal, but diastolic filling is reduced on echocardiography. Cardiomyopathy discuss the pathophysiology and etiologies of dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy hcm is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes thick.
Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the u. Khan academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, worldclass education for anyone, anywhere. Pathophysiology there are two main types of cardiomyopathy. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy hcm is a genetic disorder that is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy unexplained by secondary causes, and a nondilated left ventricle with preserved or increased ejection fraction. Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Treatment can help keep cardiomyopathy from getting worse, and can reduce your symptoms. Pdf left ventricular hypertrophy lvh is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. The morphological expression of the intrinsic cardiomyopathies as seen in short axis cuts across the right and left ventricle at mid septal level. Start studying pathophysiology 03 cardiomyopathies. Hf and cardiomyopathy lvef free of ataf vs 34% in the amiodarone arm p cardiomyopathy hcm is the most common monogenic cardiovascular disorder, affecting one of every 500 adults. It is found across all racial groups and is the most common cause of sudden death in young athletes. Study 53 terms pathophysiology cardiomyopathy flashcards. A cardiomyopathy is a primary disorder of the heart muscle. In cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle becomes enlarged, thick, or rigid.
Pdf the pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Dec 05, 20 pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy the safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Treatment which might include medications, surgically. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a progressive disease of heart muscle that is characterized by ventricular chamber enlargement and contractile dysfunction. Diagnosis and management of dilated cardiomyopathy heart bmj. Fluid then builds up in the lungs and the rest of the body. Pathophysiology dilated cardiomyopathy pdf dilated cardiomyopathy is considered as the most common cause of chronic. Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common type of cardiomyopathy. It is commonly asymmetric with the most severe hypertrophy involving the basal interventricular septum. Hibernation is an adaptive process, whereby a loss in contractile apparatus in response to chronically reduced myocardial blood flow results in reduced demand. In rare cases, the muscle tissue in the heart is replaced with scar tissue.
Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of tachycardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy kahrdeeomyopuhthee is a disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for your heart to pump blood to the rest of your body. Definitions an inability of the heart to pump blood at a sufficient rate to meet the metabolic demands of the body e. In most cases, cardiomyopathy causes the heart muscle to become enlarged, thick or rigid. Accordingly, mutations in the same gene could manifest as hcm, dilated cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and even left ventricular noncompaction syndrome. If you break down the word cardiomyopathy you can remember that its a disease of the heart. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy hcm is the most common genetic disorder of the heart, with 1 case per 200 to 500 persons, and often remains clinically silent.
More than 20 viruses can cause dilated cardiomyopathy. Clinical course and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Congestive heart failure chf is a common clinical disorder that results in pulmonary vascular congestion and reduced cardiac output. Cardiomyopathy information guide c a r d i o m y o p a t h y m a r d i g i a n w e l l n e s s r e s o u r c e c e n t e r page 1 other names. The right ventricle may also be dilated and dysfunctional. Diagnosis your doctor will conduct a physical examination, take a personal and family medical history, and ask when your symptoms occur for example, whether exercise brings on your symptoms. Cardiomyopathy is an anatomic and pathologic diagnosis associated with muscle or electrical dysfunction of the heart. Other types of cardiomyopathy causing a restrictive type of pathophysiology. Peripartum cardiomyopathy ppcm is a rare, often dilated, cardiomyopathy with systolic dysfunction that presents in late pregnancy or, more commonly, the early postpartum period. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm, a leading cause of heart failure and heart transplantation in younger adults, is characterized by dilatation and impaired contraction of the left or both ven tricles. Jan 30, 2019 peripartum cardiomyopathy ppcm is a rare, often dilated, cardiomyopathy with systolic dysfunction that presents in late pregnancy or, more commonly, the early postpartum period. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may be symmetric or asymmetric. Discuss the pathophysiology and etiologies of dilated, hypertrophic, and. Scroll down to read the article or download a printfriendly pdf here if.
Voiceover lets talk about the pathophysiology and diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy. Overview of cardiomyopathies cardiovascular disorders. The american heart association aha defines cardiomyopathy as a heterogeneous group of diseases of the myocardium, usually with inappropriate ventricular hypertrophy or dilatation. Dilated cardiomyopathy is the third most common cause of heart failure and the most frequent reason for heart transplantation. Lessons learned from the pediatric cardiomyopathy registry pcmr study group. Specifically, dilated cardiomyopathy is not caused by ischemic heart disease, valvular heart disease so diseases of the valves of the heart, or hypertension. Restrictive cardiomyopathy rcm is caused by the proliferation of connective tissue, with subsequent atrial enlargement but normal ventricles. These diseases have many causes, signs and symptoms as well as treatments. Understanding the pathophysiology of selective left ventricular involvement article pdf available october 2019 with 49 reads how we measure reads. Contact your institutions library about getting access. Cardiomyopathy free download as powerpoint presentation. Icm consists of a spectrum of pathophysiological states that relate to perfusion contraction matching and mismatching. The pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
Pathophysiology v ventricular contractility due to dilation v left ventricular ejection fraction. May 01, 2009 cardiomyopathy is an anatomic and pathologic diagnosis associated with muscle or electrical dysfunction of the heart. Dilated cardiomyopathy cardiovascular disorders msd. Cardiomyopathy diagnosis and treatment mayo clinic.
Hypertrophy of the left ventricle v ventricular relaxation v diastolic filling and systolic output v myocardial and peripheral perfusion. As a result, the heart cannot pump enough blood out to the body. Fetal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a heterogeneous condition that can be primary or secondary to extrinsic factors. Comparison of survival free from hcmrelated cardiac death, in patients with obstructive and nonobstructive hcm.
Apr 11, 2017 the definition and classification of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy hcm have varied over the decades, primarily because the phenotypic expression of ventricular hypertrophy can result from a myriad of diseases, especially among children. The main types of cardiomyopathy include dilated, hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy. If your doctor thinks you have cardiomyopathy, you might need to undergo several tests to confirm the diagnosis, including. Cardiomyopathy knowledge for medical students and physicians. Dilated cardiomyopathy also called idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy is a condition in which the heart becomes weak and the chambers get large.